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Frank Tannenbaum (4 March 1893 – 1 June 1969) was an Austrian-American historian, sociologist and criminologist. ==Biography== Tannenbaum was born in Austria on 4 March 1893. He migrated to the United States in 1905. As a young man, he worked a bus-boy. During the economic crisis of 1913–1915, he became a leader of the Industrial Workers of the World. In January 1914, Tannenbaum, then 21 years old and a member of the IWW-affiliated Waiter's Industrial Union, proposed a campaign of demanding relief from New York City churches. Starting in February, he led masses of workers to churches, disrupted services, and demanded that they be given food and shelter. Although most churches complied, the New York press, notably the New York Times, decried Tannenbaum and the Wobblies. On March 4, Tannenbaum led a group of unemployed workers from Rutgers Square to the Catholic St. Alphonsus Church on West Broadway. There, they were met by a phalanx of police and the parish rector, who refused their demands. Tannenbaum and 190 other protesters were arrested; Tannenbaum was charged with inciting to riot and given an extraordinary $5,000 bail. At trial one protester received 60 days in jail, four 30 days, three 15 days, and the rest were let go; Tannenbaum was sent to jail for a year and fined $500. He spent the year on Blackwell's Island.〔Philip S. Foner, ''The Industrial Workers of the World, 1905–1917'', vol. IV of ''History of the Labor Movement in the United States'' (New York: International Publishers, 1965), 442–448.〕〔 〕〔 〕 When he got out of jail, Tannenbaum remained active in the IWW, and he was arrested alongside Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and Alexander Berkman during the Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916, in Bayonne, New Jersey.〔Annual report, Volume 38, By New Jersey. Bureau of Industrial Statistics, New Jersey. Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries, page 225〕〔Foner, ''Industrial Workers of the World'', 448.〕 Emma Goldman described his arrest and imprisonment in her memoirs, ''Living My Life'' (1931): We all had loved Frank for his wide-awakeness and his unassuming ways. He had spent much of his free time in our office, reading and helping in the work connected with ''Mother Earth''. His fine qualities held out the hope that Frank would some day play an important part in the labour struggle. None of us had expected however that our studious, quiet friend would so quickly respond to the call of the hour.〔 After Bayonne, Tannenbaum soon abandoned his youthful radicalism. With the help of several philanthropists, he attended Columbia University, where classmates included Samuel Roth.〔 In 1921, Tannenbaum received his bachelor's degree from Columbia. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the Brookings Institution (undated). He then served in the U.S. Army, stationed in the south. He then moved to Mexico, where he conducted research on rural education and served as an adviser to President Lázaro Cárdenas. In 1931, he reported to the Wickersham Commission study on Penal Institutions, Probation and Parole (Volume 9).〔 In 1932, he returned to the United States to teach criminology at Cornell University. In 1935 he joined the faculty at Columbia, where he became professor of Latin American history.〔 A notable student at Columbia was Robert J. Alexander, who went on to become professor of history at Rutgers University, specializing in the trade union movement in Latin America and dissident communist political parties. He retired from Columbia University in 1965. He died in New York City in 1969.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frank Tannenbaum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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